How does Bluetooth Work?

Bluetooth Special Interest Group manages and maintains the Bluetooth Standard. IEEE has accepted it as 802.15la standard. Bluetooth was developed with a purpose of creating a single digital wireless protocol, capable of connecting multiple devices and getting over the synchronization issues. It enables short-range wireless communication thus replacing wires connecting the electronic devices.

The Bluetooth RF transceiver lies at physical layer. There are 79 bluetooth channels spaced 1MHz apart. A spread spectrum technology is used at the physical layer. Both voice and data transmissions over short distances are possible, creating wireless PANs.

A bluetooth device consists of an adapter. A Bluetooth adapter can be built into a device or can be in the form of a card that connects to a device. Instructions are embedded into the device, which enable it to communicate with other devices.

When devices come in each other’s radio range, their link managers discover each other. Link management protocol (LMP) engages itself in peer-to-peer message exchange. LMP layer performs link setup and negotiation of packet size. Segmentation and reassembly of packets is done, if needed.

Service delivery protocol enables a bluetooth device to join a piconet. A device inquires what services are available with the piconet. Bluetooth GlobalID is exchanged between the devices. Their profiles are matched and a connection is setup.

Bluetooth uses frequency hopping in timeslots, which means that the bluetooth signals avoid interference with other signals by hopping to a new frequency after transmission or reception of every packet. One packet can cover up to five time slots.

Bluetooth can support an asynchronous data channel, or up to 3 simultaneous synchronous voice channels, or a channel, which concurrently supports asynchronous data and synchronous voice.

Bluetooth technology makes use of the concept of master and slave. Devices have to wait until the master allows them to talk! One master and up to seven slaves employ a star topology to form a piconet.

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